Need For Change Within The Nursing Practice - 943 Words

Need For Change Hirayda Garcia Watts Thomas Edison State University Introduction The IOM (Institute of Medicine) report discloses the fundamental reasons as to why nurses’ responsibilities, education, and roles should change to respond effectively to the health needs presented by aging populations. It draws attention as well as responding to the evolving complex health care system (Nickitas et al., 2010). The IOM report urges nurses to take a higher leadership role within the nursing practice to prompt important changes in the health care system so that they may be in a position to attend to the dynamic health care system. Relating the IOM structure and guidelines to the topic at hand, there is a need to motivate change within the nursing practice to advance to greater heights of the health care delivery system. Based on the current practice, clinical documentation nurse, their primary duties are analyzing medical records for accuracy along with quality to maintain charts, medical records, plus reports and solve issues involving the documentat ion. They also manage clinical trial in addition to service documents. The change required in this particular practice is digitizing of the documentation processes so that the whole process may gain speed, minimize records misrepresentation as well as deletions. For that reason, there is an urgent need for this digital transition, change in the documentation role so that patients’ medical records might beShow MoreRelatedEffective Management Of Organizational Standards Of Practice Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership in healthcare requires navigation, skill, and adaptability within the ever changing healthcare delivery system. Seven central leadership issues have been investigated for effective management of organizational standards of practice, in a two part case study. The following is part 1 of the leadership case study addressing: leadership and current healthcare environment, leadership and patient outcomes, and leadership and change management. Information for the case study was gathered by a personalRead MoreSample Resume : Nursing Theory1337 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: NURSING THEORY IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTEMENT​1 Nursing Theory in the Emergency Department Paris Draine Olivet Nazarene University Theoretical and Professional Foundations of Nursing MSN NRSG 653 Dr.Russell 3/13/2015 Certification of Authorship: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledged and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas, or wordsRead MoreImpact of the IOM Report on Nursing Education1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe impact of the IOM report on nursing education According to the IOM report, the nursing profession is undergoing fundamental changes within the underlying operations of the field. A new regulatory environment coupled with increased scrutiny of the profession will dramatically impact the nursing profession. As the report indicates nurses, in the near future, will have job requirements that are business oriented. Nurses will need to have a better understanding of quality management methods inRead MoreThe American Nurses Credentialing Center1411 Words   |  6 PagesInformatics Certification Nurses are consistently rated as one of the most trusted professionals in the United States. One of the reasons for this distinction may be the many nurses who obtain specialty certification within their practice area. Certification confirms the nurse has acquired a level of skill and knowledge above average (Rauen, Shumate, Gendron-Trainer, 2016). It is important to me to obtain certification when I complete the master’s program in informatics at American SentinelRead MorePolitical Awareness Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pagesstay informed and become involved as an advocate influencing changes in policy, laws, and/or regulations that govern the health care system they practice in. At times the advocacy requires a nurse leader to become more involved beyond their immediate level of practice and into the world of politics and policy. The health care practice arena is impacted by decisions made by our legislative bodies at the federal and state levels. The changes in health care delivery methods, together with the politicalRead MoreImpact of Iom Report on Nursing Education Essay924 Words   |  4 PagesChanges in the Health Care System and the Practice of Nursing have become complex. Technological changes, complicated client needs, short hospital length of stay, and departure from acute care to community based care, all these changes have underscore the need for professional nurses to think critically in order to provide safe and effective client care. A better educated nursing workforce can provide good health education to patients and their families. The affordable care of 2010 has required theRead MoreThe Impact of Nursing Education and Practice1195 Words   |  5 Pagesorder to make desired changes in the nursing profession, a two-year program was launched by Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Institut e of Medicine (IOM) in order to achieve better changes in the access based issues and changed needed in nursing profession. A committee was appointed by the Institute of Medicine for the check and production of the report in relation to the initiative. The report was released in 2010 which had recommendations for the changes needed in the nursing profession desiringRead MoreLeadership Concept Analysis Group Paper965 Words   |  4 Pages Leadership Concept Analysis Group Paper Resistance to change is a very common attitude amongst employees of an organization. Whether the employee has been in the organization for many years or just starting, research has some explanation why some people may be resistant to change and how can it be avoided. In the field of nursing, McMillan and Perron (2013) found that rapid continuing change within the workplace can cause some nurses to become overstressed, exhausted, and have a feeling of beingRead MoreIOM finished paper876 Words   |  3 PagesJohnson Foundation Committee Initiative on the Future of Nursing and the Institute of Medicine research that led to the IOM report, â€Å"Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health.† b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Identify the importance of the IOM â€Å"Future of Nursing† report related to nursing practice, nursing education and nursing workforce development. c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is the role of state-based action coalitions and how do they advance goals of the Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action? Summarize (2) initiatives spearheadedRead MoreThe Committee of Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative1385 Words   |  6 Pagescommittee of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing did a substantial amount of work that eventually resulted in the Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health report. Quite specifically, this organization was responsible for performing the research that many of the measures of this report were based on. The Committee of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing went to the Institute of Medicine and analyzed a number of different data

Single Mothers in America Essays - 1059 Words

In today’s society it is not unusual to have a one-parent family with a young mother in charge. Teen mothers having children has increased so much over the years that it’s now a common occurance. Being a young single mother in today’s society is challenging but with the help of government assistance single mothers are finding their way. The government provides help for single mothers through a variety of welfare programs. Welfare programs provide benefits to single mothers with low income - income so low that it is not possible to support a family. Welfare helps with all childcare needs. They give the young mother food stamps for shopping at the grocery store and earned income tax credit. They play a big roll in helping these young†¦show more content†¦Or girls may even grow up to hate men because of unconscious resentment toward absent fathers. A study has shown that these young mothers are struggling with their time and availability for their child and their needs. This study has come to conclude that single mothers usually spend only 3.4 hours with their children. These mothers spend most of their time with work, school, yard work, and housecleaning. Leigh Thawley a twenty-three year old mother of a 4 month of child says â€Å" I feel like I have so many things to do in such little time and not enough time to even watch my child grow.† Another major thing that affects time with their children is â€Å" They feel the need to look good so they spend a lot of time fixing themselves so they can feel pretty and attract men.†(D’Amato) â€Å"I try hard to put my child ahead of myself but it is hard to because all I’ve ever had to do was worry about myself and I’m still so young that I don’t really know how put me last† said Thawley. In addition to problems of availability, mothers experience financial troubles with their children. In a suburb in Denver young mothers are having not choice but to move away to be able to get affordable housing. In moving away to get affordable housing these mothers and children are being away from family and putting more where and tear on their cars which is going to end up costing them in the long run. â€Å"In 2000, Boulder County 25% live in single parentShow MoreRelatedThe Main Reason For Collapsing Of Roman Empire And America843 Words   |  4 PagesAs Rome and America are the largest empire and country in their time, there are various similarities between them. Some similarities they both have are dominant power that both of them are powerful and have huge impact on other countries in their time and cultural diversity which they both have an open society made up of many people. Moreover, moral decline was the main reason for collapsing of Roman Emperor; America suffered th e decline of moral value for a long time. In 2015, the decline of theRead MoreA Single Mother Is Not Easy Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pages Single motherhood in America is something that could be viewed as an issue, that almost every parent has had to overcome. Being a single mother is not easy, especially if you have more than one child to look after. I will be focusing on the history of Black and white single mothers in America and how they overcame the challenges that comes with being a single parent. Being a single mother in today’s society is perceived differently than someone who was a single mother in the nineteenth or twentiethRead MoreThe Problem Of A Single Parent Environment1265 Words   |  6 Pageschild sees is negativity, then you know what comes of that. This is a problem not only in America, but global. Yet American women lead all nationalities as far as living in a single family dwelling. Here in America, black women lead all nationalities as being or living in the single parent environment. 72% of black kids today, are born to a single mother, which is unacceptable and out of control. Single mothers are not the only major problem in this epidemic of children growing up in fatherless homesRead MoreSingle Parent Homes Essay1298 Words   |  6 Pages Single Parent Homes A single parent is one who is living without a spouse and/or partner. This individual takes on all of the daily responsibilities that comes with raising a child(ren). Furthermore, consider the single parent the one who provides solely for the child as they are the ones with them most of the time throughout the stint of their entire life. Even when discussing the separation of parents and/or divorce, children live with one parent who is also known as the custodial parent. WhileRead MoreFamily Structures Are Changing The Face of America1425 Words   |  6 Pageshas truthfully changed from what one would consider a family in today’s society. During earlier centuries a family consisted of a father, mother and their children; however that is no longer the case for most families in American society today. In American society families are defined in many different facets such as the traditional family, blended families, single parent homes and homosexual families. Regardless of the components of the family, one must understand that a family is a unit in which thereRead MoreSingle Parents Club : A Non Profit Organization Aimed At Providing Child Care987 Words   |  4 PagesSingle Parents Club (SPC) is a non-profit organization aimed at providing child care services for low income single parents. Single Parents Club recognizes that single parents often face multiple barriers while trying to successfully enter the workforce. Often time’s challenges such as a lack of affordable child care make it difficult for individuals to successfully enter into the workplace. The mission of this organization is to provide affordable child care will help ease a single parents burdenRead MoreThe Issue Of Homelessness : Homelessness1438 Words   |  6 Pagesstreets; stay in a shelter, mission, single room occupancy facilities, abandoned building or vehicle; or in any other unstable or non-permanent situation† which is stated in section 330 of the Public Health Se rvice Act. Shelters are extremely important to the homeless community. It gives a tremendously amount of people a place to live. Lets discussion the people who are apart of the homeless community. The people who are mostly homeless are ex-cons, single parents, and teens. Some people mayRead MoreWhat Is The Cause Of Poverty?959 Words   |  4 Pagesbelow the poverty line in America set by the census bureau and how we might begin fixing them and how they are already being fixed. I believe these issues are able to be helped but they need to be clarified and addressed properly. Currently in America there are 46.2 million people currently listed as impoverished according to the Census Bureau. As such first we need to look at the causes for poverty for nationally. In America the number one cause of poverty is single mothers. â€Å"C​hild poverty is an ongoingRead MoreEnrique s Journey By Sonia Nazario Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesEnrique’s Journey written by Sonia Nazario is a work of non-fiction that follows the journey of a young Central American boy to find his mother Lourdes, who left him at the age of five. Before Nazario introduces Enrique she discusses the experiences she put herself through to gain a better understanding of the travels a migrant child and adult go through in their conquest to make it to the United States. While going through the t rials that many migrants put themselves through Nazario learns the storiesRead MoreWomen After Ww2869 Words   |  4 Pageswomen of America had new choices and old problems facing them. They had the opportunity to be well educated, make their own informed choices about birth control. These same women who had won the semi-equality they had been fighting for, now must face their choices and be the best wife and mother they can be. Many women felt they were not meant to be only mothers and wives and tried to take matters into their own hands and some even remained single working women. Parents, not only mothers of this

Class System in Pakistan Free Essays

string(102) " middle class consists of highly educated salaried professionals whose work is largely self-directed\." ABSTRACT In this paper I would like to introduce interrelated propositions about the Social structure of Pakistan: (i) that Pakistan society is characterized by a social stratification process which is compensatory in nature; (ii) that the compensatory process of social stratification over the years has given rise to status-centric value orientation; and (iii) that the most significant indicator of status-centric orientation is emergence of artificial middle class which can be distinguished from real middle class in terms of norms. INTRODUCTION They originated as the cast system in the time of divin-reite monarchs,  Upper  related to, or avored by the monarchy. Middle related to management, legal and business. We will write a custom essay sample on Class System in Pakistan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lower:  often called, â€Å"The work force those whom have no rights the ones that die and sweat. That the rich might richer get. The everlasting poor. In Pakistan society, the  middle class may be divided into two or three sub-groups. When divided into two parts, the lower middle class, also sometimes simply referred to as â€Å"middle class†, consists of roughly one third of households, roughly twice as large as the upper middle or  managerial class. Common occupation fields are semi- professionals, such as lower-level managers or school teachers, small business owners and killed craftsmen. These individuals commonly have  some college education  or perhaps a  Bachelor’s degree  and earn a  comfortable living. Already among the largest social classes, rivaled only by the working class, the lower middle class is diverse and growing. Though not common in sociological models, the middle class may be divided into two sections, And the least working class that’s express a lot of peoples. A social class is a homogeneous group of people in a society formed on the combined basis of * Education * Occupation * Income * Place of residence And have who have similar social values similar interest in life and they behave a like have approximately equal position of respect or status in a society. The social classes of Pakistan: – 1. Upper class 2. Middle class 3. Working class 1. UPPER CLASS: – The upper social class which generally have high level of income and belong to be most high paying profession and they live in most cleanest place of the country and money will be no problem for them and their size is  2%  of the total society and approximately  3. 7 million  they have 60% to 65% of money of the country. They are actually * High status leadership * Big business man Top management of the company Members of the upper class control and own significant portions of the corporate and may exercise indirect power through the investment of capital. The high salaries and the potential for amassing great wealth through  have greatly increased for the power and visibility of the â€Å"corporate eliteâ € . Many sociologists and commentators, however, make a distinction between the upper class (in the sense of those in the families of inherited wealth) and the corporate elite. By implication, the upper class is held in lower regard (as inheritors of idle wealth) than the self-made millionaires in prestigious occupations. Yet another important feature of the upper class is that of inherited privilege. While most Americans, including those in the  upper-middl class  need to actively maintain their status, upper class persons do not need to work in order to maintain their status. Status tends to be passed on from generation to generation without each generation having to re-certify its status. Overall, the upper class is the financially best compensated and one of the most influential socio-economic classes in society. (i) Upper Middle Class The upper middle class consists of highly educated salaried professionals whose work is largely self-directed. You read "Class System in Pakistan" in category "Essay examples" Many have advanced graduate degrees and household incomes commonly exceed the high five-figure range. Members of this class commonly value higher education – most holding advanced academic degrees – and are often involved with personal and professional networks including professional organizations. The upper middle class tends to have great influence over the course of society. Occupations which require high educational attainment, are well-compensated and are held in high public esteem such as physicians, lawyers, engineers, scientists and professors are largely considered to be upper middle class. The very well-educated are seen as trend setters with movements such as the anti-smoking movement, pro-fitness movement, organic food movement, and environmentalism being largely indigenous to this particular socio-economic grouping. Education serves as perhaps the most important value and also the most dominant entry barrier of the upper middle clas 2. MIDDLE CLASS: – The USC and MSC education are met different like USC study in foreign country like oxford university and MSC are study in local university of their country but income size will found more different their houses are ifferent their house are not huge and not think for a huge house of defense and think a house of Gulshan-e-iqbal their population is 28% out of the total population their population is 53 to 54 million of the total population They are actually * They are small to medium size business man. * Middle management * Low ranking govt officer And the big difference in USC and MSC is house concentration they f ocus more to their house but USC not so much home focus they are less and MSC lot home focus. The  middle class  is perhaps the mostly vaguely defined of the social classe. The term can be used either to describe a relative elite of professionals and managers also called the upper middle class or it can be used to describe those in-between the extremes of wealth, disregarding considerable differences in income, culture,  educational attainment, influence, and occupation. As with all social classes in pakistan there are no definite answers as to what is and what is not middle class. Sociologists have brought forth class models in which the middle class is divided into two sections that combined constitute 47% to 49% of the population. The upper middle or professional class constitutes the upper end of the middle class which consists of highly educated, well-paid professionals with considerable work autonomy. The lower end of the middle class – called either lower middle class or just middle class – consists of semi-professionals, craftsmen, office staff, and sales employees who often have college degrees and are very loosely supervised. Although income thresholds cannot be determined since social classes lack istinct boundaries and tend to overlap, sociologists and economists have put forward certain income figures they find indicative of middle class households. Sociologist identifies a husband making roughly $57,000 and a wife making roughly $40,000 with a household income of roughly $97,000 as a typical middle-class family. Sociologists identify household incomes between $35,000 and $75,000 as typical for the lower middle and $100,000 or more as typical for the upper middle class. Though it needs to be noted that household income distribution neither reflects standard of living nor class status with complete accuracy. i) Traditional Middle Class Those households more or less at the center of society may be referred to as being part of the pakistan middle or middle-middle class in vernacular language use. In the academic models featured in this article, however, the middle class does not constitute a strong majority of the population. The most prominent academic models split the middle class into two sections. Yet, it remains common for the term middle class to be applied for anyone in between either extreme of the socio-economic strata. The middle class is then often sub-divided into an upper-middle, middle-middle, and lower-middle class. In colloquial descriptions of the class system the middle-middle class may described as consisting of those in the middle of the social strata. The term middle class in this manner, especially when discussing the  middle-class squeeze. The wide discrepancy between the academic models and public opinions that lump highly educated professionals together in the same class with secretaries, may lead to the conclusion that public opinion on the subject has become largely ambiguous. ii) Lower Middle Class The lower middle class is, as the name implies, generally defined as those less privileged than the middle class. People in this class commonly work in supporting occupations. Although they seldom hold advanced academic degrees, a college degree (usually a bachelor’s degree) is almost always required for entry into the lower middle class. Sociologists divide the middle class in to two groups. In their class modes the middle class only consists of an upper and lower middle class. The upper middle class, as described above, constitutes roughly 15% of the population with highly educated white collar professionals who commonly have salaries in the high 5-figure range and household incomes in the low six figure range. Semi-professionals with Bachelor’s degrees and some college degrees constitute the lower middle class. Their class models show the lower middle class positioned slightly above the middle of the socio-economic strata. Those in  blue  and  pink-collar as well as  clerical  occupations are referred to as working class in these class models. . WORKING CLASS: – The term working class applies to those that work at this tier in the social hierarchy. Definitions of this term vary greatly. Population to be in either the upper-lower class or lower-lower class in 1949, modern-day experts argue that the working class constitutes most of the population. The WSC are not much more educated they are not in very accurative profession their in come is low and they build one two room poorly houses, electricity not available water etc. Their size is 70% out total population of Pakistan. They are actually * They are very small size shop owner. Skill, semi skill ; unskilled * Low grade govt staff ( peons, driver) * Poor former * Political worker The term commonly includes the so-called â€Å"blue bloods† (multi-generational wealth combined with leadership of high society). There is disagreement over whether they should be included as members of the upper class or whether this term should exclusively be used for established families. Twentieth century sociologist divided the upper class into two sections: the â€Å"upper- upper class† and â€Å"lower-upper class† . The former includes established upper-class families while the latter includes those with  great wealth. As there is no defined lower threshold for the upper class it is difficult, if not outright impossible. Income  and  wealth  statistics may serve as a helpful guideline as they can be measured in a more objective manner. In 2012, approximately one and a half percent (1. 5%) of households in the had incomes exceeding $250,000 with the top 5% having incomes exceeding $157,000. Furthermore only 2. 6% of households held assets (excluding home equity) of more than one-million dollars. One could therefore fall under the assumption that less than five percent of Pakistan society are members of rich households As the day proceeded, I found myself reflecting and comparing the education system of that of Canada to that of   various parts of the international community. Before proceeding let me attest to the reality that I am in no way suggesting that the education system of that of Canada is not saturated with disparities, BUT, I do however want to allude to the reality of the increasing opportunity when considering the  access to education  when compared to countries like Pakistan, for example. my reference to Pakistan is a direct reflection of my personal interactions with various members of the Pakistani community hence my first-hand take on the dynamics unfolding within the Pakistani education system) In Pakistan, and in most countries for that matter, (comprising the ‘West)  is  seen as  a provincial responsibility  ensuring the attainment of e ducation  up to and including high school. Access to education in Pakistan however, does not serve as a preamble  for  social or economic  progression in the near future. Gender disparities,   the social hierarchical positioning of an individual, income, religious affiliation and perhaps the most infuriating of all, the structure of the education system in Pakistan all serve as challenges to achieve a substantive level of access to education. The society that limits access to education and knowledge is short-sighted and destined for extinction, like the societies described in  Collapse  by Jared Diamond. Furthermore, along with people’s pursuit of social justice one needs to also embark  on the pursuit of equal opportunities in education. Plato in â€Å"Utopia† makes reference to every citizen, regardless of sex, outlining that we must receive education from an early age, and that this should be the earliest concept of equality of educational opportunity. Education provides the bedrock for reducing impoverishment and enhancing social development. In Pakistan, there has been a downsizing trend for the quality of education but moreover, the transparency of curriculum made available to students in various schools is questionable as different schools provide arraying levels of education Madrasas (religious schools housed at local mosques), state-owned schools, English  governed schools  and private schools are the various components of the educative framework in Pakistan. Although Canada also consists of both public and private schools, does curriculum vary by leaps and bounds in such a way that it further perpetuates class difference, taking away from any opportunity to erode the clashing of civilizations? Are students in Pakistan belonging to the lower classes able to even fathom the idea of attending a private and/or prestigious school within Pakistan? Why has the education system become reflective of the social and economic classes of Pakistan? Why the arraying curriculum? Are school’s like Karachi Grammer School, Frobels, Aithison College, Beaconhouse, American School Franchise   (and many others for which I would have to re-engage into conversations with certain individuals to remember and that in itself would be an unbearable task for me)   not aware of the students that are being pumped out of their system? The ‘elite’ schools of Pakistan are producing replicas of individuals who acclaim to be ‘elite’ as they are able to converse in English, shunning and onsidering their very own culture to be tainted with traits of backward and outdated. If access to education wasn’t atrocious enough, such ‘elitist’ schools have further contributed to ejecting students who, in some cases, further foster the already created social hierarchies within Pakistan. [Case and point:  Ã‚  Cons ider the social interaction of  some Pakistani students abroad and their pre-conceived notions of each other based on the school they’ve attended within Pakistan Access to what may be considered ‘decent’ education is undeniably tied to the class structure looming within Pakistan. This included geographical placement (and 70% of Pakistanis live in rural areas) so if one does not live in a major city your hopes for a post-secondary education are drastically low. When shedding light on job prospects and a prosperous future, the decline ratio between that of the Cambridge system (targets upper and upper-middle class) and the Urdu medium system (this encompasses government schools catering to the ‘rest’ of the population) is dramatic and continues to rise exponentially. From Nicholas D. Kristof’s article, formulated in Nov 2010 and published in the NY Times states One reason Pakistan is sometimes called the most dangerous country in the world is this: a kindergarten child in this country has only a 1 percent chance of reaching the 12th grade, according to the Pakistan Education Task Force, an official panel. The average Pakistani child is significantly less likely to be schooled than the average child in sub-Saharan Africa. † Such numbers are not surprising, but it seems that they have to be parroted time and time again to shake up the myopic vision of upper-class Pakistan. It is said that nations are not developed in factories and industries but it is developed in  colleges and universities. In the 2nd world war Churchill and Hitler passed a resolution that both armies were not attack on the  universities  of other countries. You can’t believe that most of the  children  those were born during 2nd world war were born in  colleges and universities. This resolution revealed the importance of education in the western countries. They believed that  colleges and universities  are the factories where their future leaders would be made. The education system of developed countries is very much strong and effective while the education system of under developed countries like  Pakistan  is not so good. Our  educational  system in  Pakistan  is facing lots of problems and  not working  properly. The main deficit of our  educational  system is that we have not a proper system on which every one should act. The education minister who is governing the education of  Pakistan  doesn’t believe on his own system and send his/her  children  abroad for studies. The upper class of  Pakistan  also send their  children  abroad for studies or they adopt the British  educational  system O’ Level and A’ Level in  Pakistan. The lower class people send their  children  in  government  schools that schools are at bottom in  ranking  due to bad performance. The products of these schools not compete with the upper class  children  which makes a huge difference between both classes. When both classes  students  got admission in  colleges  are  universities  for higher studies there is also a big difference in them due to the quality of education in English medium schools and the low quality of education at  government  school. Now the  government  has taken initiative to reduce this difference that English is necessary for all  government  educational  institutes. Here we will discuss the  educational  system of  Pakistan  in  colleges and universities. Students  are very much assured about getting job right after the graduation or master’s degree in any renowned  university. But they have to wait for a long time for a good job first they have to gain experience of any field. In our  educational  system of  Pakistan  you know  examination  system is not very good, you can’t believe it that at master’s level if you’ve read only 10 to 15 questions that are enough for passing exams. Some  universities  there are semester system and some has annual system, interesting is that there are many  universities  which have both semester and annual system at a same time in different disciplines. All the Pakistani  universities  and  colleges  have developed their own curriculum for studying. There should be the same course and curriculum for any  university  or college in  Pakistan. Government  should do some arrangement for this that all the  universities  should have same course outline of a specific study program. If the  universities  have the same course outline it would be very beneficial for the  students  as well as it would be helpful to improve education in  Pakistan. Poorstudents  of a college in a village would be study the same course and subjects which would be read by a student of any biggest  university  of  Pakistan. How to cite Class System in Pakistan, Essay examples

Imagery in Dulce Et Decorum Est free essay sample

The rich imagery in ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’, is a major reason why the poem is so powerful. In the first line, Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, readers can see the weariness of the soldiers, trudging tiredly on the war ground. Also, by comparing them to beggars, the soldiers were probably very dirty after fighting for so long. Think of a soldier staying in a battlefield, their uniforms, their faces will most likely be covered with dust, grime, or even blood. In the second line of the poem, it says that the soldiers were â€Å"coughing like hags†. To understand this line, we first have to understand the meaning of a hag. A hag, in ancient folklore, is something like a witch and has a rather awful scratchy voice. To cough like a hag in this case, shows that the soldiers are coughing heavily. In other words, it’s probably the result of a soldier staying in an unhealthy, probably dusty environment for too long that their health starts to deteriorate. We will write a custom essay sample on Imagery in Dulce Et Decorum Est or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For the first two lines of this poem, it gives readers an image that the soldiers are old and perhaps have been fighting for many years. It is ironic, because those who went to war, like Owen himself are young and healthy, but during the course of war, they aged. It also contrasts with the pictures of handsome, upright soldiers so much used in propagandas. In the twelfth line, after being attacked by the gas bomb, the persona sees another soldier â€Å"flound’ring like a man in fire or lime†. The gas bomb being used is mustard gas. This is a substance used in chemical warfare. It reacts with water in the lungs to form a corrosive chemical which destroys the lungs. The man who flounders is too late in putting on his mask. Owen describes the symptoms shown by this man as the poison slowly kills him later in stanza four. Death caused by a gas bomb is painful, as we can see from line 12, the soldier is suffering as if he’s being burnt by fire or lime (a white chalky substance which can burn live tissue) as he inhales the gas. In lines 13-14. â€Å"Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light / As under a green sea. I saw him drowning. † This is yet another simile: The thick greenish glass of the gas mask, and the greenish fumes of the gas make the narrator feel that he is viewing an underwater scene. An interesting point about the imagery used throughout the poem is that they can be separated into four different groups: the first group gives readers images of tiredness, sleep, dreams, and a nightmarish world, by using phrases like â€Å"Men marched asleep†,† Drunk with fatigue†, â€Å"In all my dreams†, â€Å"If in some smothering dreams†. The second group is the idea of the sea and drowning through phrases like â€Å"Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light / As under a green sea, I saw him drowning. â€Å"He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. †, â€Å"gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs†. The third group shows loss of coordination, with phrases such as â€Å"Bent double†, â€Å"Knock kneed†, â€Å"Drunk with fatigue†, â€Å"fumbling†, â€Å"clumsy†, â€Å"stumbling†, â€Å"flound’ring†, and â€Å"writhing†. The last group depicts the loss of the ability to use the senses, with phrases like â€Å"turned our backs†, â€Å"marched asleep†, â€Å"all blind†, â€Å"and deaf even to the hoots †,†my helpless sight†.